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NATIVE BUT FOREIGN
Indigenous Immigrants and Refugees in the North American Borderlands by Brenden W. Rensink, Texas A&M Press, 2018

Chapter 7, Note 14 (pages 145 and 255)

Yaquis routinely procured arms in the United States, moved them largely through Nogales along Yaqui migratory routes, and siphoned them across the border. (p. 145)

Chapter 7, Note 14 . . . for sources and discussion of how Arizonans had long viewed all Yaquis as arms traffickers. (p. 255)

This cast suspicion on the Yaqui settlement at Nogalitos. As the same gun dealers crossed the border repeatedly to purchase arms, the Tombstone Epitaph concluded that American-bought ammunition would eventually be used against American settlers across the line. By extension, these events led many Arizonans to view all Yaquis as arms traffickers, or at least suspect of being sympathetic to them.

Sources:

  • “Yaquis Across Line, Some Consternation at Border City,” Tombstone Epitaph, August 11, 1912.
  • “Good Work,” The Oasis, August 13, 1904, 4
  • “Tucson Men are Responsible for Yaqui Outrages,” Albuquerque Morning Journal (NM), November 28, 1905, 7.
  • “Agents of Yaquis Purchasing Arms,” Arizona Republican, April 12, 1906, 3.
  • “Sherrif Hunt Will Frustrate Yaqui Plans,” Tombstone Epitaph, April 15, 1906, 4.
  • The Copper Era (Clifton, AZ), April 26, 1906, 2.
  • “Turn Yaquis Back,” The Oasis, April 28, 1906, 1.
  • “Probably Groundless Fear,” Arizona Republican, August 3, 1906, 5.
  • “Cannot Sell Arms to Yaquis,” Pacific Commercial Advertiser (Honolulu, HI), July 22, 1906, 1.
  • “A Warning From Sonora,” The Oasis, April 4, 1908, 5.
  • “Ask Arizona’s Aid to suppress Yaquis,” Albuquerque Citizen, April 8, 1908, 5.
  • “Yaquis Secure Arms Southern Arizona,” Bisbee Daily Review, September 16, 1908, 8.
  • “Yaquis Declare War on States,” Grand Forks Daily Herald (ND), July 5, 1915, 7.
  • “Buying Arms in Arizona to Aid Broncho Yaquis,” Arizona Republican, May 27, 1919, 2.
  • “Charge Yaquis Get Ammunition from U.S. to Kill People,” Arizona Republic, June 8, 1919, 1.
  • “Held as Villa Suspect,” Bisbee Daily Review, June 19, 1919, 8.
  • “Sonora Opens Lands to U.S.,” Bisbee Daily Review, November 2, 1919, 1.
  • “Invasion of Arizona by Yaquis is Halted,” Bisbee Daily Review, December 4, 1919, 2.
  • “Yaquis in Arizona Furnish Munitions for Sonora Battle,” Bisbee Daily Review, January 27, 1920, 1.